Revised conclusion paragraph

The aim of this paper has been to examine the health care costs of non-profit and for-profit hospitals in the United States. In particular I have surveyed the effects of decreasing co-payments under each system. As the tables show, in non-profit hospitals, costs increased by 4.8%, whereas in for-profit hospitals, increases were almost six times as high, amounting to an average of 24.7%. Taking these appalling numbers as statistical evidence for an implicit discrepancy regarding patient treatment, I have suggested a link between reduced co-payments and an increased proportion of tests ordered by physicians who work in for-profit hospitals. Several indications have led me to formulate this hypothesis, including a vast number of cross-referenced studies that have already been conducted in this area, according to which cost containment may prove very difficult in a free market economy. However, while the findings presented in the present paper seem to support the abovementioned claim, they are still to be considered somewhat provisional at this stage. Important factors such as patient income, age, and level of satisfaction with the health-care provider have not been taken into consideration yet. Further research is thus strongly needed in order to arrive at more precise data that may allow for a profound evaluation of these crucial findings.

Abstract: Leonie, Hanna, Natalia

Due to the increasing interest in pidgin and creole languages in the last century, many studies have been conducted on the topic. The authors claim that the old assumption of creoles constituting a particular type of languages which arise from unusual sociohistorical circumstances is wrong. Instead, they argue that creole languages emerge in the course of language contact which does not necessarily mean a simplification of the grammar. Rather, it becomes evident that new languages in their emergence are indistinguishable from older ones and therefore are no less complex than their lexifiers. Thus, despite common assumptions, the evidence exists that creoles are the product of the “deconstructing” grammar followed by its reconstruction, the signs of which are still detected.